Technique C41:Creating a strong focus indicator within the component

Applicability

All technologies that support CSS.

This technique relates to 2.4.11: Focus Appearance (Sufficient).

Description

The objective of this technique is to create a highly visible focus indicator that has sufficient contrast against the internal background color of a component.

Examples

The examples demonstrate a simple implementation where a focus styles is applied to blue background. As the indicator is contained inside the component, you can be sure it maintains contrast whatever background the component is placed on

Example 1: Inner border

HTML

<button>Example button</button>

CSS to provide the indicator. It narrows the scope to buttons within the main element.

button { 
    background-color: #236AB8 /* medium-dark blue */
    color: white;
    padding: 10px;
}
main button:focus { 
    outline: 3px #fff5be solid; /* light yellow */
    outline-offset: -4px;
}

Three blue buttons with a dark border, the middle button showing a bright yellow outline inside the button. — The default and focused states of the button.

Other sources

No endorsement implied.

Tests

Procedure

For each focusable user interface element:

Place keyboard focus on each focusable user interface element on the page using the keyboard.
Check that the focus indicator area is at least the size of a 2 CSS px border around the component.
Check that the change of contrast of the indicator between focused and unfocused states has a ratio of 4.5:1 for the minimum focus indicator area.

Expected Results

#2 and #3 are true.

The required change of contrast for Focus Appearance (Minimum) is 3:1, this technique goes slightly beyond the minumum requirement.